Reviewed are existing theoretical approaches to wartime sexual violence, dividing these approaches into two partly overlapping and complementary categories. While more information on the causes, actors, frequency, and patterns of wartime sexual violence has been gathered, a number of issues have remained under-researched, such as how wartime sexual violence affects cisgendered men and boys, as well as sexual and gender minorities. It has also been the object of numerous national and international policy initiatives like United Nations Security Council Resolutions, and it has given birth to an abundant empirical and theoretical literature. Sexual violence perpetrated during war-for instance, in Ukraine, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Bosnia, or Rwanda-has attracted a large amount of media, political, and academic attention.
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